As the first fruits begin to form, spring is the time to review and strengthen fruit fly management. Acting now helps protect your produce and reduce risks to nearby properties.

Australia has two major pest species: Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni), common in eastern states and the Northern Territory, and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), found only in parts of Western Australia. Although their distributions differ, the same control strategies are effective.

Timing matters

In tropical areas fruit flies may be active year-round, but in most regions their numbers climb as temperatures rise in spring. Monitoring traps early in the season gives the best indication of when adults first appear. Protein bait sprays and traps are especially effective in early spring, when female flies seek protein before laying eggs. By mid to late spring, eggs may already have been laid in ripening fruit, with larvae developing inside.

Breaking the cycle

Larvae feed inside fruit, causing it to rot and drop early. Once in the soil, they pupate and new adult flies can emerge within days during summer. Removing and destroying fallen fruit is vital. Backyard growers should seal fruit in black plastic bags and leave them in the sun for at least three days. Commercial growers should practise orchard hygiene, including deep burial of waste fruit.

Summer pressure

By summer, fruit flies are at their peak. In cooler regions this may be the first generation, while in warmer regions several generations may already have emerged. With females laying hundreds of eggs, populations can rise quickly. Hygiene remains the cornerstone of management, with mesh screening an option where pressure is high.

Fruit fly threatens backyard gardens and commercial crops alike. Effective management requires everyone in the community to play their part. If you haven’t already started, put measures in place now.

Read more about managing fruit fly.